Underground homes, also known as earth-sheltered homes or subterranean dwellings, are a unique type of residential structure that are built partially or entirely below ground level. They have been around for centuries, but have gained popularity in recent years due to their eco-friendliness, energy efficiency, and resistance to natural disasters.
There are a variety of reasons why someone might choose to live in an underground home. For one, they offer a level of privacy and seclusion that is difficult to achieve with traditional homes. They also provide a natural insulation that keeps the temperature stable year-round, reducing the need for heating and cooling systems. Additionally, underground homes are resistant to extreme weather conditions, such as tornadoes and hurricanes, making them a safe option for those living in areas prone to natural disasters.
Despite their many benefits, underground homes also come with their own set of challenges. For example, the construction process can be more complex and expensive than building a traditional home. Additionally, there are legal and financial considerations that need to be taken into account, such as zoning laws and the availability of financing options. In this article, we will explore the history, types, construction process, benefits, challenges, and case studies of underground homes to help readers decide if this unique living option is right for them.
Key Takeaways
- Underground homes offer privacy, energy efficiency, and resistance to natural disasters.
- The construction process can be complex and expensive, and there are legal and financial considerations to take into account.
- Case studies of successful underground homes can provide inspiration and guidance for those considering this living option.
Why Choose Underground Homes?
Underground homes offer several benefits that make them an attractive option for many people. Here are some reasons why someone might choose to live in an underground home:
Energy Efficiency
One of the main advantages of underground homes is their energy efficiency. By being built underground, these homes tap into the earth’s natural insulation, providing a thermally stable living environment year-round. The earth’s moderating effect reduces the need for excessive heating or cooling, resulting in significant energy savings and lower utility bills.
Protection from the Elements
Underground homes also offer protection from the elements. By being underground, these homes are shielded from extreme weather conditions such as hurricanes, tornadoes, and extreme heat or cold. This can provide a sense of security and peace of mind for those who live in them.
Privacy
Another benefit of underground homes is privacy. Being underground means that these homes are hidden from view, providing a high level of privacy for their occupants. This can be especially appealing for those who value their privacy and want to avoid the prying eyes of neighbors or passersby.
Minimal Impact on the Environment
Underground homes are constructed in a way that minimizes their impact on the environment. By blending harmoniously into the landscape, these homes do not disturb the indigenous flora and fauna of the region. This can be an attractive option for those who want to live in harmony with nature and minimize their impact on the environment.
Unique Design Opportunities
Finally, underground homes offer unique design opportunities. By being built underground, these homes can take advantage of the natural contours of the land, creating unique and interesting living spaces. Additionally, underground homes can be designed to be highly customizable, allowing their occupants to create a living space that is truly their own.
History of Underground Homes
Ancient Times
Humans have been living in underground homes for thousands of years. Before the advent of agriculture around 10,000 years ago, our nomadic ancestors mostly made their homes in caves that they found as they followed animals across the lands. Later, ancient civilizations such as the Greeks, Romans, and Chinese built underground cities, temples, and tombs for various reasons, including protection from enemies, natural disasters, and extreme weather conditions.
One of the most famous underground cities is Derinkuyu in Turkey, which dates back to around the seventh or eighth centuries and could have housed about 20,000 people. The city was built by the Phrygians and later used by early Christians as a refuge from persecution.
Modern Development
In modern times, underground homes have become more popular due to their energy efficiency, low maintenance, and unique design. Underground homes are also known as earth-sheltered or subterranean homes, and they can be built in various ways, such as:
- Excavating a hillside or slope to create a partially buried home
- Building a home with an earth berm or green roof
- Using prefabricated modules or shipping containers
One of the most famous modern underground homes is the Underground Home in Las Vegas, which was designed by architect Girard Henderson in 1978. The home features a unique combination of natural light, open spaces, and outdoor terraces that create a comfortable and inviting living environment.
Overall, underground homes have a long and fascinating history, and they continue to evolve and inspire new designs and innovations in architecture and construction.
Types of Underground Homes
There are different types of underground homes, each with its unique features and benefits. Here are the three main types of underground homes:
Completely Buried Homes
Completely buried homes are built entirely below the ground level. They are often referred to as “earth-sheltered” homes and provide excellent insulation against extreme weather conditions. These homes are typically constructed using concrete or steel and are designed to withstand the pressure from the surrounding soil.
One of the benefits of completely buried homes is their energy efficiency. They maintain a consistent temperature year-round, reducing the need for heating and cooling systems. Additionally, these homes offer privacy and security, as they are hidden from view and protected from outside elements.
Partially Buried Homes
Partially buried homes are partially built below the ground level, with only one or two sides exposed. These homes are designed to take advantage of natural light and ventilation while providing insulation against the elements.
Partially buried homes are often constructed with large windows or skylights to allow natural light to enter the living spaces. They also provide a connection to the outdoors, with outdoor living spaces that are protected from the elements.
Earth Sheltered Homes
Earth sheltered homes are built into a hillside or slope, with one or more sides exposed to the outside. These homes use the earth as insulation, providing a thermally stable living environment year-round.
One of the benefits of earth sheltered homes is their energy efficiency. They use the earth’s natural insulation to maintain a consistent temperature, reducing the need for heating and cooling systems. Additionally, these homes offer privacy and security, as they are hidden from view and protected from outside elements.
Overall, underground homes offer a unique living experience, with benefits such as energy efficiency, privacy, and security. The type of underground home that is best for you will depend on your individual needs and preferences.
Construction Process
Site Selection
Before beginning construction on an underground home, it’s important to select an appropriate site. The site should be chosen based on factors such as soil type, slope, and water table. A site with well-draining soil is ideal, as it will help prevent water damage. The slope of the site should also be taken into consideration, as it can impact the amount of natural light that enters the home. A south-facing slope is often preferred to maximize sunlight exposure.
Design and Planning
Design and planning are crucial steps in the construction process of an underground home. The design should take into account factors such as natural light, ventilation, and insulation. The home should be designed to maximize the use of natural light and ventilation, while also ensuring that the home is well-insulated to prevent heat loss. The layout of the home should also be carefully planned to ensure that the space is functional and efficient.
Excavation
Excavation is the process of digging out the space for the underground home. This is a critical step in the construction process, as it sets the foundation for the home. The excavation process involves removing soil and rock to create the space for the home. The excavation process should be carefully planned to ensure that the structure is stable and secure.
Waterproofing
Waterproofing is an essential step in the construction of an underground home. The home should be designed to prevent water from entering the space, as water damage can cause significant damage and compromise the structural integrity of the home. Waterproofing can be achieved through the use of waterproof membranes, drainage systems, and other techniques.
Insulation
Insulation is a critical component of an underground home, as it helps to regulate the temperature and prevent heat loss. The home should be well-insulated to prevent heat loss during the winter months and to keep the home cool during the summer months. A variety of insulation materials can be used, including foam insulation, fiberglass insulation, and cellulose insulation. The type of insulation used will depend on factors such as the climate, budget, and personal preferences.
Overall, the construction process of an underground home requires careful planning, design, and execution to ensure that the home is safe, secure, and functional. With the right planning and execution, an underground home can be an excellent option for those looking for a unique and sustainable living space.
Benefits of Underground Homes
Living in an underground home has many benefits that make it an attractive option for those seeking a unique and sustainable living space. Below are some of the advantages of underground homes.
Energy Efficiency
One of the most significant benefits of living in an underground home is energy efficiency. Underground homes have natural insulation, which helps maintain a stable temperature year-round. The earth’s moderating effect reduces the need for excessive heating or cooling, resulting in significant energy savings and lower utility bills. According to the Department of Energy, underground homes can reduce heating and cooling costs by 60-85%.
Disaster Resistance
Underground homes are also more resistant to natural disasters such as tornadoes, hurricanes, and earthquakes. The reinforced concrete structure of underground homes provides excellent protection from high winds and flying debris. In addition, the earth covering the home provides additional insulation and protection from extreme temperatures.
Privacy and Noise Reduction
Living in an underground home provides privacy and noise reduction. The earth surrounding the home acts as a natural sound barrier, reducing noise pollution from outside sources. This makes underground homes an ideal option for those seeking a quiet and peaceful living space. In addition, the privacy provided by the earth surrounding the home makes it an excellent option for those seeking a secluded living space.
Overall, living in an underground home has many benefits, including energy efficiency, disaster resistance, and privacy and noise reduction. While the initial cost of construction may be higher than traditional homes, the long-term savings on energy costs and the unique living experience make it a worthwhile investment for those seeking a sustainable and unique living space.
Challenges and Solutions
Lighting
One of the biggest challenges of living in an underground home is the lack of natural light. Without proper lighting, the home can feel dark and depressing. However, there are several solutions to this problem.
First, consider incorporating skylights or light wells into the design of the home. These can bring natural light into the space and make it feel more open and airy. Second, use reflective surfaces, such as light-colored walls or mirrors, to bounce light around the room. Finally, install artificial lighting that mimics natural light, such as full-spectrum bulbs, to create a bright and inviting atmosphere.
Ventilation
Another challenge of living underground is proper ventilation. Without adequate airflow, the home can become stuffy and humid, leading to mold and other moisture-related issues.
To combat this, consider installing a mechanical ventilation system that can circulate fresh air throughout the home. This can be achieved through the use of fans, ductwork, and air filters. Additionally, consider incorporating passive ventilation strategies, such as operable windows or vents, to allow for natural air flow.
Moisture Control
Moisture control is a critical issue when it comes to living underground. Without proper moisture management, the home can become damp and moldy, leading to health problems and structural damage.
To prevent this, it’s important to use moisture-resistant materials, such as concrete or waterproof membranes, in the construction of the home. Additionally, consider incorporating a drainage system, such as a French drain or sump pump, to remove excess moisture from the surrounding soil. Finally, monitor humidity levels in the home and use dehumidifiers as needed to keep the space dry and comfortable.
Living in an underground home comes with its own unique set of challenges, but with proper planning and design, these challenges can be overcome. By addressing issues such as lighting, ventilation, and moisture control, homeowners can create a comfortable and sustainable living space beneath the surface.
Legal and Financial Considerations
Living in an underground home requires careful consideration of legal and financial factors. Before investing in an underground home, it is important to understand the building codes and regulations, financing options, and insurance requirements.
Building Codes and Regulations
Building codes and regulations vary by location, and it is important to research and comply with local requirements. Underground homes may require additional permits and inspections due to their unique design and construction. It is important to work with a qualified architect and contractor who are experienced with underground homes and knowledgeable about local building codes.
Financing and Insurance
Financing an underground home can be more challenging than financing a traditional home. Many lenders are unfamiliar with underground homes and may be hesitant to provide financing. It is important to research lenders who specialize in underground homes or alternative construction methods.
Insurance for underground homes can also be more difficult to obtain. Insurance companies may view underground homes as high-risk due to potential issues with moisture, ventilation, and structural stability. It is important to work with an insurance provider who has experience insuring underground homes and can provide adequate coverage.
In summary, legal and financial considerations are important when considering an underground home. Building codes and regulations must be researched and complied with, and financing and insurance options should be carefully considered. Working with experienced professionals and specialized lenders and insurance providers can help ensure a successful and secure investment in an underground home.
Case Studies
Example 1
One example of an underground home is the Earth House Estate Lättenstrasse in Dietikon, Switzerland. This residential community consists of nine homes built into a hillside, with each home having its own outdoor area and access to communal gardens. The homes are designed to be energy-efficient, with thick walls and triple-glazed windows, and use geothermal energy for heating and cooling. The community also has a shared laundry room and underground parking.
Another example is the Underground House in Las Vegas, Nevada. This unique home is built into the side of a hill and has a grass-covered roof, making it blend in with the surrounding landscape. The house has three bedrooms, two bathrooms, and a large living room with a fireplace. The home is designed to be energy-efficient, with thick walls and a geothermal heating and cooling system. The house also has a large patio area with a pool and hot tub.
Example 2
The Coober Pedy Underground Homes in Australia are another example of underground living. These homes, located in the remote mining town of Coober Pedy, are built into the soft sandstone hills to protect residents from the harsh desert climate. The homes are dug into the hillsides and have a network of tunnels connecting them. The homes are designed to be cool in the summer and warm in the winter, with natural ventilation and insulation provided by the surrounding rock. Many of the homes also have skylights to allow natural light to enter.
Another example is the Underground City in Beijing, China. This massive underground complex was built during the Cold War as a bomb shelter and has since been converted into a shopping center. The complex spans over 33 kilometers (20 miles) and has multiple levels, with shops, restaurants, and even a movie theater. The complex is designed to be self-sufficient, with its own water supply and air filtration system.
Overall, these case studies demonstrate the diverse range of underground homes and structures that exist around the world. From energy-efficient homes to massive underground complexes, there are many different ways that people are living beneath the surface.
Conclusion
Underground homes offer a unique living experience that is both eco-friendly and energy-efficient. They provide a peaceful and quiet living environment, making them ideal for individuals seeking tranquility away from bustling urban areas or noisy neighborhoods.
While there are some challenges to living underground, such as the high cost of construction and the need for specialized equipment and training, the benefits far outweigh the drawbacks. Underground homes offer protection from the elements and provide more privacy than traditional homes.
In terms of cost, an underground house costs on average $30,000 more to build than a traditional home but saves around $250 a month in heating and cooling costs. Additionally, underground homes are typically made of reinforced concrete because it does not degrade and has high compressive strength. Dome structures are popular because of how well they distribute the weight of the earth.
Overall, underground homes are a viable option for those looking for a unique and environmentally-friendly living experience. With proper planning and construction, they can provide a comfortable and sustainable living environment for years to come.